Hepatitis means inflammation of liver without specific cause. In children hepatitis is commonly caused by Hepatitis A, B, and C.

Hepatitis A  Is usually water borne. Symptoms include, fever, vomiting, jaundice. Rarely it can lead to liver failure. It is spread via infected stool, food, milk, and shell fish. Symptoms can vary from mild to severe and it usually does not lead to chronic diseases. Effective vaccines are available

Hepatitis B  It is a dangerous disease caused by Hepatitis B virus (HBV), otherwise called serum hepatitis. Symptoms can vary from mild to severe and it can lead to chronic liver disease and sometimes liver cancer. Effective vaccine is available .The first dose is usually given within 12 hours after birth. Three doses are necessary for protection. The disease spreads through contaminated body fluids, needles, blood products

Hepatitis C  This is spread by direct contact with an infected person’s blood. Infection with this virus can lead to chronic hepatitis and this is a leading cause of liver transplantation in dults.This is more common in adults than children. This can also be spread by from mother to baby

All forms of hepatitis can be detected by blood testing. Medical and sometimes surgical treatment may be required.

One common recurring theme which I hear day in and out is the poor eating habits of our children. Here are a few tips which may help you

Why to be concerned

At an early age growth potential is maximum. In fact, a child gains 5 times in increase in birth weight by age 5 and 2 times increase in height by age 4.Catch up growth is difficult if growth is affected in early age So fussy eating may impact overall growth. Here are the 6 steps to smile away fussy eating

Manage meal time  Establish set meal and snack times to help your child understand hunger and fullness. For example, breakfast to be given between 7.30 to 8.30 is, snack between 19.30 am to 11 am, lunch 1 to 1.45 pm, and snack 4.30 to 5 pm and dinner 8 pm to 8.45.Nothing but water to be given in between.

Step 2  Choose healthy food-plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole cereals, grains, pulses, fish, nuts and seeds.

Step 3  Choose the family table. Sit together and eat as a famil. Use a high chair. Eat as you feed your child. Please praise your child and do not pressurize the child to take a bite of everything. Let your child make a mess. Do not put the TV on during eating.

Step 4  Understand your child’s hunger signals-Ask yourself, how do I know when my child is hungry and how do I know when my child is full. If you can’t answer these questions, watch your child around meals for a week. Feed your child when hungry and end meal when full.

Step 5  Adopt a responsive feeding style-Feed your child when hungry. Don’t make your child eat when he/she is full. Eat with your child and model good eating. Trust your child to eat as much as he/she needs. Talk positively with your child about food and eating. Establish set meals and snack times. Give nothing but water in between. Serve a variety of food.

Step 6  Consistently offer new food.at least once a day, offer your child a food he/she doesn’t eat or hasn’t tried before. Put a small amount of new food on the plate. Make sure there are 1 or 2 items food items he/she likes on the plate. Do not pressurize your child to try the new food. Talk positively about all food on the plate.

Common symptoms of pneumonia include fever. Cough, breathing difficulty, fast breathing are the usual features . Symptoms of pneumonia can range from mild to severe. The usual bacterial organism implicated is pneumococcal, Haemophilus, staphylococcal, viral causes include influenza, swine flu. Fungal pneumonia is rare. The severity of symptoms depends on the type of organism, age of the individual and general health of the patient. Treatment consists of giving oxygen if required, antibiotics, IV fluis. Vaccines are available in newborn including pneumococcal, Haemophilus, influenza.